The European Union and the United Kingdom in mid-November announced new sanctions on Iran, mainly targeting national shipping and its main stakeholder: the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL), which is already under various US sanctions.
The fresh penalties reflect two troubling trajectories. First, it highlights the downward spiral of the overall relationship between Europe and Iran. Second, it seems that Brussels and London are so keen to secure some leverage against Tehran that they have penalized the Islamic Republic for something that remains...
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