In the year since Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023 surprise attack on Israeli communities bordering the Gaza Strip, Palestinian armed factions have forged a seemingly closer alliance with the Iran-led ‘Axis of Resistance’. After 35 years of ties between Gaza-based groups and Tehran, the present moment is arguably the closest—and potentially most mutually reliant—that these actors have ever been.

Geographically and logistically, Baghdad provides a middle point for these ‘Axis of Resistance’ parties, dispersed as they are across the region. Barely ten days after the Oct. 7 attack, for example, a Hamas...