Discussions on “the day after” scenarios for Gaza are currently dominating diplomatic circles. Depending on ultimate facts on the ground, there could be a shift in Qatar’s role in the Israel-Palestine conflict.

Thus far, Doha has played a key mediating role in the ongoing crisis in Gaza. In late Nov. 2023, the Gulf Arab state facilitated a temporary truce along with a prisoner exchange between Hamas and Israel. However, not all countries welcome the Qatari mediation role, which has drawn both praise and criticism—including from Israel. While Doha’s unique ties with Hamas have been instrumental to helping facilitate a reduction in violence, the relationship may change depending on future developments in...